POLR3F and neoplasm: As shown in Fig. 9 (A and C), compared with the control or NPe6 + US group, C34 + US led to a 2.17- or 1.61-fold increase in CD8+ T cells, suggesting the expansion and proliferation of CTLs in periphery, which are considered as the major contributor to drive direct cytotoxic killing of tumor cells (49).