In contrast, during the initial stage of infection, NSP1 is known to degrade IRF-3, -5, and -7 (35, –, 37) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-1) (38), thereby inhibiting RVA-induced apoptosis via the activation of the prosurvival phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and NF-κB pathways (39). The gene discussed is SH2D3A; the disease is infection.