TNF and COVID-19: The elevated serum cytokines in the patients with COVID-19, monogenic and autoimmune diseases or CAR-T/antibody treatment were similar (including IL-6, TNF, IFN-γ, CRP, and D-dimer), while signaling pathways involved in the regulation of CRS also overlapped (such as IL-1/NF-κB, TNF/NF-κB, IL-6/JAK-STAT, and INF-γ/JAK-STAT signaling pathway).