ANGPT2 and congenital rubella syndrome: In 2017, Hay et al. demonstrated that severe CRS was accompanied by endothelial activation, in which the biomarkers of endothelial activation (angiopoietin-2 and von Willebrand factor) increased significantly.34 Additionally, the presence of vascular leakage and disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with severe CRS was consistent with widespread endothelial activation.