A number of studies have examined the links between HMGB1 and TBI [12–14], with one notable finding being that high levels of HMGB1 can still be detected in the brain tissue of TBI patients 20 days after injury [14], suggesting that HMGB1 participates in the development of cognitive impairment in the late phase of TBI. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is Cognitive impairment.