ACOD1 and glioma: Moreover, IRG1 (the gene encoding cis-aconitate decarboxylase, the protein responsible for the synthesis of itaconate), can also be induced by non-pathogenic stimuli and is detected in hepatocytes following ischemia reperfusion injury [8], in glioma [18], and by air pollution (particulate matter) in inflamed lungs [19]; these all suggest a deeper immunomodulatory role of itaconate.