Furthermore, in the TCGA dataset, downregulation of PKHD1L1 not only predicted a significantly compromised disease-free survival (DFS, P = 0.0063) in thyroid cancer (Supplementary Fig. 4f), but also predicted a poorer overall survival (OS) in lung adenocarcinoma (P = 0.0013) and melanoma (P = 1.2e–6) (Supplementary Fig. 4g, h), suggesting that PKHD1L1 might function as a tumor suppressor gene in multiple solid tumors. This evidence concerns the gene PKHD1L1 and melanoma.