To test our hypothesis, we first defined the area of TLS-like lesion (see “Methods” section) and then evaluated the abundance of TFH-like (CXCL13+CD4+), B (CXCR5+CD20+), and TRM-like (CD103+CD8+) cells within the TLS-like lesions of archival tumor tissue samples using multiplexed IF. Here, MS4A1 is linked to neoplasm.