GDF15 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In a regression model where GDF-15, age, sex, total body fat, T2DM status, e-GFR and AST were entered as putative key explanatory variables and liver kPa measurement as the outcome, only serum GDF-15 concentrations were independently associated with liver kPa measurement [unstandardised β coefficient = 0.35 (95% CI 0.15–0.56), p = 0.001 (model fit R2 = 0.261; p = 0.001)] (Supplementary Table 3).