Since we found that serum GDF-15 concentrations were independently associated with liver VCTE-derived kPa measurements, and alone explained 21% of the variance in liver VCTE-derived kPa measurements, we next tested whether GDF-15 concentrations and/or T2DM status could predict ≥F2 fibrosis, as determined by the validated VCTE threshold of ≥8.2 kPa [23]. Here, GDF15 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.