While it is widely accepted that activation of various oncogenic pathways is essential for cancer development [27, 36], numerous studies have shown that Akt-mTORC and EGFR-ERK1/2 signalling pathways are highly expressed in HNC cells and crucial for HNC carcinogenic identity, both in vivo and in vitro [29, 37–40]. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and cancer.