CD274 and neoplasm: Recent studies report that targeting PD-L1 expressed by pancreatic and non-small lung cell tumors have achieved positive results both in vitro and in experimental models9–12; however, a recent clinical case report has shown that PD-L1 CAR-T causes adverse events.13 Therefore, the most ideal ICP for use as a CAR target should also be a common tumor-associated antigen (TAA) which is widely expressed among heterogeneous tumor cells, which not only may give an opportunity to overcome TME but also may cause fewer severe off-tumor effects in healthy tissues.