IL18 and Plasmodium falciparum malaria: There are also some reports on adult falciparum malaria patients having raised IL-18 levels; Whereas some studies have restricted the inclusion to uncomplicated malaria showing elevated IL-18 levels compared to controls [8], some report no differences between uncomplicated and severe malaria, while others, on the contrary show the highest IL-18 levels in severe malaria [6, 7, 25].