Finally, during follow-up 10 patients with falciparum malaria of which 9 were co-infected with HIV died (in-hospital mortality), and these 10 non-survivors had significantly higher IL-18 levels than the 121 survivors (median [25th, 75th percentile] 7.5 [3.4, 10.1] vs. 3.3 [2.0, 5.5] p = 0.016). The gene discussed is IL18; the disease is Plasmodium falciparum malaria.