The same would be also true of diabetes20,24 and the severity of diabetes; whether insulin therapy had been warranted or not might modify the association with AKI.25,26 In addition, older age17,19,25,27 and emergency surgery17,25 were associated with postoperative AKI in previous studies on noncardiac surgery, whereas neither were associated with AKI in our cohort. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is acute kidney injury.