ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) “targeted therapies” are available for the 10–15% of patients with NSCLC harbouring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, i.e., erlotinib, gefitinib, afatinib, and osimertinib, and the 5–6% harbouring anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements or c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) mutations, i.e., crizotinib and alectinib (3–5).