Multiple monoclonal anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (including nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab) have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat advanced NSCLC, further confirming the importance of ICIs in the treatment of advanced NSCLC (Constantinidou et al., 2019; Lin et al., 2019). Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.