STAT3 and neoplasm: Figure 2B reveals that patients with a high Z-score (hallmarks enrichment score) had a worse prognosis than those with a low Z-score. More interestingly, the IL6-JAK-STAT3 pathway score in dead patients was higher when compared with alive ones, as displayed in Figure 2C. This phenomenon was also observed between normal kidney tissues and tumor tissues (Figure 2C and Supplementary Figure 1). The GSEA results also demonstrated that the IL6-JAK-STAT3 pathway was functional in a higher Z-score group (Figure 2D).