Although different TIM-3 localization patterns (intracellular and extracellular expression) have been reported in different MDS cell lines, they all agree on increased overall expression of TIM-3 on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs; CD34+ CD38- Lin-) in MDS patients compared to control groups (29, 30). This evidence concerns the gene HAVCR2 and myelodysplastic syndrome.