CASP1 and cholangiocarcinoma: When combined with a urinary panel (ADAMTS4, proteases caspase-1 (CASP1) and KLK6), these proteins differentiated CCA patients (n=36) from PSC (33) and others with benign conditions (n=18), as observed in a case-control phase II study on 87 patients (AUC 0.96 at 95% CI 0.89 to 0.99) (75).