The authors have also reported higher expression of CLIP3, VCAM1 and TRIM33 messenger RNAs in CCA versus PSC (AUC 0.965), while others such as MT1F, GPX3 and LDHA were able to distinguish CCA from a mixed cohort of patients with PSC, ulcerative colitis and healthy patients with high accuracy (AUC 0.915, 0.897, 0.894, respectively) (151). This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and cholangiocarcinoma.