LTA and colorectal carcinoma: Recently, our group reported that TNF-β stimulates the NF-κB signaling pathway and NF-κB-induced gene products in CRC tumor cells, which was associated with survival, proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of tumor cells (25, 62), similar to the results of multicellular proinflammatory TME in the current study.