In conclusion, new data were provided herein to support the hypothesis that exosomes secreted from prostate cancer could upregulate the expression of CXCR4 in MDSCs, putatively by increasing engagement of TLR2 and phosphorylation of NF-κB, resulting in MDSCs accumulation into tumor microenvironment (Figure 5). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is Familial prostate cancer.