VCAN and cancer: It has been widely studied that VAPA, CNOT6L, ZEB2, and VCAN mRNAs are ceRNAs for tumor suppressor PTEN mRNA, representing aberrant transcription levels and resulting in downregulation of PTEN mRNAs in a Dicer-dependent way in various cancer types such as colorectal cancer [25], breast carcinoma [46], and melanoma [26].