STING1 and age-related macular degeneration: In addition, IL-1β signaling on human myeloid, fibroblast, and epithelial cells induce mtDNA release to activate innate immune signaling via cGAS-STING (169) and mtDNA-driven cGAS activation triggers age-related macular degeneration through STING-mediated non-canonical inflammasome pathway involving IFN-β (170).