The reported anti-inflammatory abilities of propionate are suggested to occur through the inhibition of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B and suppression of IL-6 mRNA and other immune-related gene expression, while its anti-cancer effects are thought to occur through inhibition of Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) and regulation of the AP-1 pathway (Tedelind et al., 2007; Hosseini et al., 2011; Nepelska et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and cancer.