Interestingly, astroglial sensitivity to L-lactate-mediated cAMP elevation was increased in Gdi1 KO cortical astrocytes isolated from a mouse model of GDI1-associated XLID (D’Adamo et al., 2021), a form of neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by “pure” mental deficiency (Curie et al., 2009). The gene discussed is GDI1; the disease is cask-related x-linked intellectual disability.