GDI1 and neurodevelopmental disorder: Namely, in Gdi1 KO astrocytes, but not Gdi1 WT astrocytes, extracellular L-lactate triggered intracellular cAMP increases already at a physiologic L-lactate concentration of 2mM (D’Adamo et al., 2021), possibly due to altered expression level of the astroglial LLR and/or downstream signaling factors, which may contribute to the metabolic imbalance and disease in this form of neurodevelopmental disorder (D’Adamo et al., 2021).