SMAD2 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: Compared with control group, the levels of TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 in the DCM group were enhanced, while Smad7, an inhibitor of Smad protein family, was significantly decreased; compared with the DCM+antagomir NC group, the DCM+miR-195-5p antagomir group presented significantly decreased expression of TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 and increased Smad7 (p<0.05; Figure 5A).