EGFR and cancer: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation by GPCRs was shown to induce mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and gene expression, stimulate DNA synthesis, and regulate cell-cycle progression (Daub et al., 1996; Kalmes et al., 2000; Alsahafi et al, 2020); and transactivation of EGFR by LPA and sphingosine-1-phosphate has been linked to the pathophysiology of human cancer (Gschwind et al., 2002; Deng et al, 2004; Sukocheva et al., 2006; Tveteraas et al, 2016), although the mechanisms are yet to be elucidated clearly.