APP and Alzheimer disease: This hypothesis is confirmed by the formation of SP due to Aβ deposits, deficient energy metabolism and increased oxidative stress (Lejri et al., 2019), as well as aberrant mitochondrial morphology and functions (Oliver and Reddy, 2019; Pradeepkiran and Reddy, 2020), indicating that mitochondrial function can affect the formation of amyloid β precursor protein (APP) and the accumulation of Aβ in AD.