SNCA and Parkinson disease: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by an impaired dopaminergic (DA) neurotransmitter system, aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) and microglial neuroinflammation-mediated neuroinflammation in the midbrain (Block and Hong, 2005; Wang et al., 2015; Rai and Singh, 2020; Rai et al., 2021).