FMR1 and fragile X syndrome: Although most of these studies are based on FXS animal models that may not always completely reflect the human phenotype, the successful validation of mGluR theory in different animal models further confirmed that FMRP plays a vital role in stimulation-induced mGluR1/5 signal transduction, and the potential value of glutamate derived from astrocytes via to activate mGluR1/5 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of FXS.