However, CXCL1 was not detectable in 5 female and 14 male tumor tissues (19 patients in total) (Supplementary Fig. 2a), and CXCL2 was not quantifiable in tumor tissues of 3 female and 8 male patients (11 patients in total) (Supplementary Fig. 2b). Here, CXCL1 is linked to neoplasm.