Serum levels of six cytokines were significantly elevated in patients with FMF compared with those with sepsis (median FGF-2 73.8 pg/mL vs. 25.7, p < 0.0001; median GM-CSF 23.5 pg/mL vs. 1.8 pg/mL, p < 0.0001; median IL-17A: 9.9 pg/mL vs. 0.13 pg/mL, p < 0.0001; median MIP-1β 60.8 pg/mL vs. 32.4 pg/mL, p = 0.0016; median TNF-α 8.6 pg/mL vs. 26.9 pg/mL, p < 0.0010; and median VEGF 184 pg/mL vs. 28.6 pg/mL, p = 0.0002) (Fig. 1). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and familial Mediterranean fever.