TNF and hydrops fetalis: PNA5 and Ang-(1–7) inhibited this HF-induced increase in TNFα as compared to HF-saline groups (HF-P50 mean 3.12 pg/mL± SE 0.00, n = 5 p = 0.004; HF-A50 mean 3.12 pg/mL± SE 0.00, n = 6, p = 0.003; HF-P500 mean 3.12 pg/mL± SE 0.00, n = 6, p = 0.003, ANOVA, Dunnett’s post; values that were at or below assay threshold of 3.12 pg/mL were represented as 3.12 pg/mL) (Fig. 5).