VEGFA and glioblastoma: Additionally, there was a trend towards increased levels of IL-2, IL-6 and VEGF in GBM patients, which did not reach significance on a p < 0.01 level (U = 48.5, p = 0.023; U = 46, p = 0.017; U = 54, p = 0.043 respectively, Fig. 2C).