Several studies reported that adiponectin is produced in abundance not only by AT, which for long time has been considered as the only source of this protein, but also by the placenta; the placental expression levels of adiponectin and its receptors are differently modulated by other cytokines, such as TNF-α, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and leptin, that are crucial in the development of GDM [59, 60]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and gestational diabetes.