Cardiac-specific HSP60 deficiency in mice led to DCM; HSP10 overexpression protected against myocardial I/R injury; Both HSP60 and HSP10 were upregulated in human hearts with chronic AF; A girl with HSP60 deficiency died at 2 days of age of heart failure. The gene discussed is HSPE1; the disease is familial dilated cardiomyopathy.