The data from 184 patients with AHF and 252 patients with CHF with a median follow-up of 463 days indicated that the optimum cut-off values for death were estimated plasma volume status >5.3 dL/gr, BNP > 441 pg/mL, hydration index evaluated by BIVA > 73.8%, and blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio (BUN/Cr) > 25 (30). This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and congestive heart failure.