On one hand, SCFAs can induce IL-10 secretion by CD4+ Th1 cells, hence protecting mice from colitis (97), but on another hand, in vitro, SCFAs have been shown to affect the balance between Th17 and Treg cells by affecting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) production of cytokines involved in T cell differentiation (98). This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and colitis.