Table 2 shows the most important trials and reports of TPO-RA use in a number of unlabeled conditions, including myeloid neoplasms (mainly MDS, but also acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia), postchemotherapy setting of solid tumors, secondary ITP (associated to both lymphoproliferative syndromes and systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE), graft failure after hematopoietic stem cell transplant, thrombocytopenia after heart and lung transplantation, non-HCV-related chronic liver diseases, and inherited thrombocytopenia (10–52). The gene discussed is TPO; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.