AGT and hypertensive disorder: In vitro, butyrate can decrease the interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels caused by Ang II and induce Treg differentiation in vivo and in vitro; this SCFA can also reverse the elevated Th17 and IL-17 levels in patients with hypertension (Furusawa et al., 2013; Ohira et al., 2013; Singh et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2017; Kim et al., 2018).