Honkanen et al. (2010) found increase of Th17 cells in peripheral blood T cells from children with T1D, accompanied by increased levels of IL-17, IL-22, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor C isoform 2 and FOXP3 mRNA, which indicated activation of the IL-17 pathway. The gene discussed is IL17A; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.