The results from integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology studies revealed that R. Scrophulariae might be mainly regulated through the IL6-APOA1-cholesterol pathway, the AKT1-THEM4-palmitic acid pathway,AKT1-THEM4-hexadecanoate (n-C16:0) pathway, the NOS3-LYPLA1-palmitic acid pathway and the NOS3-LYPLA1-hexadecanoate (n-C16:0) pathway to play a role in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, and among these pathways, the IL6-APOA1-cholesterol pathway was the most strongly related to the treatment of hyperthyroidism by R. Scrophulariae (Figure 8B). This evidence concerns the gene NOS3 and hyperthyroidism.