Although the precise underlying mechanism is unclear, existing evidence shows that oligosaccharides, growth factors, glutamine, l-arginine, lactoferrin, probiotics, and prebiotics contained in human milk can enhance colonization of intestinal symbiotic bacteria, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, maintain the integrity of the intestinal mucosa, and enhance immunity, thereby reducing the risk of sepsis and NEC. The gene discussed is LTF; the disease is necrotizing enterocolitis.