In summary, this phase-II study first provides evidence for the safety, efficacy, and potential predictive biomarkers of the combination of toripalimab with carboplatin and pemetrexed as second-line setting in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC, which will be further validated by the ongoing randomized phase-III trial (NCT03924050). Here, EGFR is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.