Many studies comparing dorsolateral PFC (and neighbouring PFC) tissue from people with schizophrenia as a single homogenous cohort to tissue from non-schizophrenic controls do find up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins (IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, SERPINA3) and cytokine receptors (IL-1 receptor type 1 [IL1R1], TNF receptor 1 [TNFR1]), at the transcriptional level in schizophrenia [10, 50, 65–67]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and schizophrenia.