When we measured the levels of the three markers in serum samples from the corresponding patients and healthy controls, we found that the levels of CD4, CD8, and sPD-L1 in patients with GHPA were significantly higher compared with those in NFPA patients and healthy controls and that there was no significant difference between patients with NFPA and healthy controls (Fig. 3e–g). Here, SPDL1 is linked to non-functioning pituitary adenoma.