NPPB and hydrops fetalis: Echocardiographic parameters such as left atrium volume index, tricuspid regurgitation velocity, E/e′, and septal or lateral e′ velocity were used for the diagnosis of LVDD in the presence of normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), whereas the diagnosis of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) incorporates clinical signs and symptoms of HF, presence of LVDD on echocardiography (ECHO), and rise in biomarkers [B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)].