In pancreatic tumors, PSCs can become myofibroblast-like and express α-SMA upon activation by growth factors (TGF-β and PDGF), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, etc.), as well as other factors such as EMMPRIM, ET-1, Angiotensin II, SHH, and further enrich the CAF pool (Heinemann et al., 2014; McCarroll et al., 2014). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is pancreatic neoplasm.