Therefore, we propose that TRIB2 may promote lung cancer cell proliferation via the following mechanisms (Figure 8): At first, TRIB2 binds RFWD2-E3 Ub ligase based on C-terminal RFWD2-binding motif to form a dipolymer, which increases phosphorylated RFWD2 levels. The gene discussed is COP1; the disease is lung carcinoma.