AKT1 and neoplasm: Merlin exerts its growth suppressive function by modulating the activity of intracellular promitogenic signal cascades related to tumor formation, including Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK (51), PI3K/Akt (52), c-JNK (53), Hippo signaling pathway, and the overall activity of the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL4DCAF1 in the nucleus (54).