ESR1 and breast cancer: Together, the signaling pathway of alcohol-induced deregulation of Brf1 and Pol III genes in ER+ breast cancer cells is that alcohol activates JNK1 to increase the levels of ERα and Runx2, resulting in the upregulation of Brf1 and Pol III gene transcription, eventually causing cell proliferation and transformation and breast cancer development (Figure 2) [4, 5, 7, 46].