PADI4 and acute kidney injury: To interrogate that the anti-septic AKI phenotypes of combined SIVE plus ITEM-2 therapy are not off-target effects of these agents, we tested whether targeting NETs formation by Cl-Amidine, the peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) inhibitor, could enhance the anti-septic AKI efficacy of ITEM-2, equivalent to the findings observed with SIVE.