Pharmacological blockade of NETs formation by either neutrophil elastase (NE) inhibitor sivelestat (SIVE) or peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) inhibitor Cl-Amidine potentiates the efficacy of ITEM-2 to suppress mortality and AKI of mice with abdominal sepsis. This evidence concerns the gene PADI4 and acute kidney injury.